- Buterin identified a strong trend in layer-2 protocols advancing from Stage 0 security to higher operational classifications.
- The Pectra upgrade is expected to enhance staking, wallet features, and double-layer layer-2 processing capacity.
- Ethereum’s proposed proof-of-work system model includes independent systems to improve early-stage deployment and reduce security risks.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has shared new observations on the progress of layer-2 networks, noting a clear trend of platforms moving rapidly from Stage 0 to advanced classifications. This transition marks efforts by developers to strengthen protocol security and reliability. His update comes as Ethereum prepares for the Pectra upgrade, scheduled to go live on May 7.
In a recent blog post, Buterin outlined three stages of roll-up security. At Stage 0, the security council maintains full authority and can reverse roll-up operations through majority voting. In Stage 1, council actions require 75 percent approval. By Stage 2, council involvement is limited to addressing provable bugs in the system.
New Model Enhances Roll-Up Reliability
Buterin proposed a model to support the transition to Stage 2 security. His framework assumes each council member has a 10 percent chance of failure. It treats safety and liveness failures as equally likely. To boost trust in early Stage 2 deployments, he recommended that the proof system be structured as a multisig across independent implementations. This design would allow networks to strengthen internal checks while scaling.
Ethereum’s upcoming Pectra upgrade is expected to bring key improvements to wallet usability and staking processes. It is considered a major step in Ethereum’s roadmap to support broader usage and institutional integration. Developers overcame earlier deployment challenges, and the mainnet launch remains on track.
Buterin previously stated that Pectra could double the capacity of Ethereum’s layer-2 networks. This expected increase aligns with the push by roll-up platforms to adopt stronger security structures. With the upgrade set for release, both developers and users anticipate enhanced performance and improved interaction with the Ethereum ecosystem.
